It is generally believed that the Early Earth was remarkably reduced and then transform into the modern oxidized crust and mantle. However, the origin of the variations in the redox states is still unclear. Here, we investigate the temporal variations of detrital zircon oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ), which is an igneous oxybarometer, to track magma redox states over Earth’s history. Four zircon ΔFMQ increasing trends (i.e., 3.5–3.2 Ga; 2.7–2.5 Ga; 1.9–1.7 Ga; 0.6–0.4 Ga) have been identified throughout Earth’s history. The first increasing trend has the largest increment (2-unit ΔFMQ) and can be attributed to giant impacts that induced charge disproportionation of iron and produced large amounts of ferric iron in melts. The latter three increasing trends are overall coincided with the rise of atmospheric oxygen, which resulted in more deposition of oxidized sediments on the seafloor, subduction of which may significantly increase the redox state of arc igneous rocks. We highlight that the magmas redox states in the pre-plate tectonics regime were strongly controlled by giant impacts, while the magmas redox states show a close link with atmospheric oxygen content in the plate tectonics regime.