Talk Description
Rhyacian rocks of the Guiana Shield are bounded by Archean crust. Rhyacian Gold is the prime commodity of the Cuyuni and Marowijne megabasins (respectively CMB in Guyana and MMB in Suriname and French Guiana) where three principal gold deposit types have been roughly defined to date and only briefly documented (8 theses in the last 20 years). Well endowed vein hosted deposits of the MMB are somewhat exclusive to this basin for which a new classification terminology is proposed as OCSH (Orogenic Clastic Sediment Hosted) that emphasizes that auriferous sulphidic veins are nearly exclusively hosted in moderately strained coarse clastic sediments (conglomerate to sandstone) where veins are most related to very discrete (metric) high strain zones. Fluids in OCSH veins are likely predominantly of metamorphic origin. Tungsten anomalism is commonly related to altered rutile (not plutonic related). Arsenic anomalism is mainly related to black shales. Vein gold deposits of the CMB are generally hosted inside or on the immediate edges of felsic plutonic bodies of varied sizes (plugs to batholiths) where edge strain is amongst the highest encountered in the Rhyacian realm. A large variety of vein orientations and types occur in each of these IH deposits. Many IH veins are polymetallic and commonly yield telluride pathfinders confirming their SCLM sourcing. Strain regimes of most deposits vary from pure shear (coaxial, elongated) to simple shear (non-coaxial, no length change, rotational) states which produce different vein networks that need to be discerned to optimize targeting in 3D. Thus, a new terminology is also proposed for these orogenic gold deposit types as PSO (pure shear orogenic) and SSO (simple shear orogenic). Their determination relies principally on the final shape of strain markers and the finite orientation of mineral stretching lineations. There are clearly multiple gold events spread over nearly 80Ma across the Guiana Shield (starting with co-magmatic settings ca 2160Ma at Yaou, Las Christinas, Camp Caiman and ending with late tectonic phases ca 2080Ma at Karouni) supporting the concept that much Rhyacian gold started mobilizing in a magmatic (polymetallic) state and (additional?) gold ended up in mesothermal vein states (and confined sodic, potassic and calcic orogenic style alteration halos). Sparse geochronology suggests that tectonic regimes affecting the CMB deposits may have terminated 20Ma later than in the MMB. This may relate to tectonic partitioning between the two megabasins around a giant metamorphic/UHT/TTG landmass that separates the two basins and defined by the Bartica Gneiss Complex and the Bakhuis Horst (separated by the Mesozoic Takutu Grabben) that are two very prominent lithospheric highs that may have caused tectonic partitioning on their respective boundaries. Several differences are noted with the making of Archean gold deposits.